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Old Metropolis, Veria
The Old Metropolis ((ギリシア語:Παλαιά Μητρόπολη)) is an early 11th-century Byzantine basilica, that later became an Ottoman mosque as the Hünkar Mosque (Τζαμί του Χουνκιάρ), in the northern Greek city of Veria.
The building, dating to the early 11th century, is considered one of the largest surviving middle Byzantine buildings in the Balkans, and one of the largest episcopal cathedrals in the region of Macedonia, but its early history is obscure apart from a single inscription on its western entrance that records that it was the work of a certain Niketas, who is attested as the city's bishop in 1078. Opinions differ as to its original consecration, either to Saints Peter and Paul or to the Twelve Apostles. It is a typical three-aisled basilica and a rudimentary transept. The main aisle is framed by alternating pessaries and columns topped by reused Ionic order capitals. The southern aisle no longer survives, having collapsed at an unknown date.
Veria fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1430, and the metropolitan cathedral was converted into a mosque named after the Ottoman Sultan (''Hünkar'' means "sovereign, emperor"). The Ottomans made a few alterations to the building, replacing the semi-circular arches of the upper windows to pointed ones, and demolished the northern portion of the transept to add a plain minaret. The external decoration of ancient Greek motifs remained unaltered but survive only in fragments today, but in the interior they covered up the 13th-century frescoes with plaster, damaging them in the process as they drilled holes to make the plaster stick.
Following the capture of the city by the Greek Army during the First Balkan War (October 1912), the mosque was reconsecrated and functioned for a period as a church. It then passed to the local "Apostle Paul" Christian Union, housed government agencies during the World Wars, and was used as a stable during the German occupation of Greece. As late as 2007, the building remained in a half-ruined state, without proper maintenance or restoration work being undertaken. The building is currently undergoing restoration by the 11th Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities, scheduled to be completed and opened to the public by the end of 2015.
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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